Emergency Fund Calculator

Calculate your emergency fund target

Enter your monthly expenses and choose your target coverage below. The result is the minimum amount you should have in a dedicated, accessible account.

What is an emergency fund?

An emergency fund is a dedicated cash reserve set aside exclusively for genuine financial emergencies: job loss, unexpected medical costs, urgent home or car repairs, or any other significant unplanned expense. It is separate from your general savings and separate from investment accounts.

The purpose of an emergency fund is not to earn returns. It is to ensure you never have to take on expensive debt (such as credit card debt at 20-30% APR) to deal with an unexpected event. It is the single most important savings goal before investing, paying down low-interest debt, or pursuing any other financial objective.

How much do you need?

The right amount depends on your personal situation. Here is a practical guide:

• 3 months: Acceptable starting point if you have stable salaried employment, no dependants, and low fixed costs. Not recommended as a final target for most people.
• 6 months: The standard recommendation for most employed people. Covers a typical job search, most medical situations, and the majority of unexpected expenses.
• 9 months: Appropriate if you are self-employed, a contractor, or have dependants relying on your income. Income variability means a larger buffer is warranted.
• 12 months: Recommended for freelancers, business owners, single-income households, or anyone in a volatile industry. The higher the income variability, the larger the cushion needed.

Note: these figures refer to your expenses, not your income. Your emergency fund needs to cover what you spend, not what you earn.

Where to keep your emergency fund

An emergency fund should be accessible (reachable within 2-3 business days without penalty), safe (not subject to market fluctuations), and earning something. A high-yield savings account currently meets all three criteria, offering 4-5% APY compared to near-zero on standard current accounts.

Do not keep your emergency fund in stocks or ETFs. Markets can fall 30-40% at exactly the moment a crisis forces you to sell. Do not keep it in the same account as your daily spending money, where it will quietly erode over time.

Keep it clearly labelled in a separate account, so the balance is visible and its purpose is unambiguous.

How to build your emergency fund

If you are starting from zero, the goal is not to fund the entire target at once. It is to create a consistent, automated flow toward it. Set up an automatic transfer to your emergency fund the day your pay arrives. Even $50 or $100 per month is meaningful, and the automation removes willpower from the equation.

Windfalls such as tax refunds, bonuses, and unexpected income are the fastest way to close the gap. Direct any windfall to the emergency fund before it disappears into general spending.

Once the emergency fund is fully funded, redirect those automated contributions toward investments or other savings goals. The emergency fund target does not need to grow indefinitely. It just needs to keep pace with your expenses.

To see how your current savings relate to your runway, use the savings runway calculator on the home page.

This calculator is for general estimation only. It is not financial advice. See the full disclaimer.

Common emergency fund mistakes

Most people make at least one of these when building or maintaining their emergency fund:

• Counting investment accounts as emergency savings. A stock portfolio or pension worth $8,000 is not an $8,000 emergency fund. Markets can be down 30-40% on the day you need the money, and liquidating may take days or trigger penalties. Only cash in an accessible savings account counts toward your emergency fund.
• Not updating the target when expenses grow. If your monthly expenses were $2,000 when you set your target but are now $3,000, your 6-month target has moved from $12,000 to $18,000. An emergency fund that stays fixed while expenses rise is silently shrinking in real terms. Revisit your target whenever your cost of living changes significantly.
• Spending it on planned expenses. Holidays, scheduled car services, appliance upgrades, and annual insurance premiums are predictable. They are not emergencies. Spending the emergency fund on foreseeable expenses leaves nothing for genuinely unforeseeable events. Planned irregular expenses should have their own separate savings pot.
• Keeping it in the wrong type of account. $10,000 in a standard bank savings account at 0.01% APY earns roughly $1 per year. In a competitive high-yield savings account at 4-5% APY, the same amount earns $400-$500 per year, with identical liquidity and deposit protection. See the guide to high-yield savings accounts for what to look for.
• Treating it as a general savings account. Keeping the emergency fund in the same account as your regular savings blurs the purpose and makes it easier to spend. A separately named account called "Emergency Fund" creates a psychological barrier that genuinely helps. Most people find a clearly labelled separate account stays intact in ways a combined account does not.